Week 6: Exam #1 & France Overseas and the Countryside
Monday
September 25
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EXAM #1
- Exam in class – usual time and place
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Wednesday
September 27
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The French Empire
READ Before Class:
- Stovall, ch. 6, “The Republican Empire,” pp. 205-230
- Recommended for more:
- Alice Conklin, “Colonialism and Human Rights, A Contradiction in Terms? The Case of France and West Africa, 1895-1914,” American Historical Review 103 (1998)
STUDY QUESTIONS:
- What’s so funny about the idea of a “republican” empire?
- What was new about imperialism in the late 19th c.?
- Who was Jules Ferry and what was his role in French imperialism of the late 19th c.?
- What was the scramble for Africa?
- What were the old colonies? And the new?
- What were the arguments in favor of empire in the late 19th c.?
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Friday
September 29
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The French Empire and the Countryside, c. 1900
READ Before Class:
- Stovall, ch. 6, “The Republican Empire,” pp. 230-240
- Emilie Carles, A Life of Her Own, short selection
STUDY QUESTIONS:
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- What’s the difference between imperialism and colonialism?
- How did French people experience the empire? Who participated in empire – and what did they do?
- What was the impact of the empire upon France?
- Where did Emilie Carles grow up?
- What kind of life did she lead?
- What does her story – as we’ve read it so far – tell us about France in 1900?
- How would you compare the role of France in the colonies and France in the countryside?
In CLASS:
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Week 7: The Great War
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Monday
October 2
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The Great War in Wide Perspective
READ Before Class:
- Stovall, ch. 7, “The Universal Nation in a World at War”
- read intro, 243-245
- skim 245-252 (world of 1900)
- read 253-271 (road to war, the war, experience, empire)
STUDY QUESTIONS:
- The big questions to contemplate all week:
- How did France find itself at war?
- What was the impact of this war on France, on French men and women, on the French empire, and on the world?
- What was the “belle epoque”?
- Why did Europe go to war in 1914?
- How did the French manage the demands of total war?
- What was the nature of trench warfare?
- What was Verdun?
- What was the role of the empire in the war
- Some key names and terms: Tour de France, Schlieffen Plan, union sacrée, Plan XVII, Joseph Joffre, miracle of the Marne, poilus, munitionnettes, bourrage de crâne, Christmas truce, Verdun, Douaumont, Volta-Bani war, tirailleurs sénégalais
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Wednesday
October 4
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The Experience of War & Its History
READ Before Class:
- Stovall, ch. 7, “The Universal Nation in a World at War” finish)
- read 271-279 (crisis, end of war)
- Ann-Louise Shapiro, “The Fog of War: Writing the War Story Then and Now,” a review of 14-18: Understanding the Great War, by Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau and Annette Becker, 2002. In History and Theory (2005)
STUDY QUESTIONS:
- What were the crises of 1917?
- Who was Pétain – and what was his role in the war?
- Who was Clemenceau – and what was his role in the war?
- How did the war end? What made the difference?
- Some key names and terms: Chemin des Dames, Philippe Pétain, Henri Barbusse, Georges Clemenceau
- Ann-Louise Shapiro provides an entryway into the historiography of WWI. How does she describe the way in which WWI was remembered in France?
- This is a review article. What (does she suggest) is the major accomplishment of Audoin-Rouzeau and Becker?
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Thursday October 5
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Evening Film
Film at 7pm
Paths of Glory, dir. Stanley Kubrick, U.S. in English (1957) in Kauke 143, starting promptly at 7pm.
Choices
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- Grand Illusion, dir. Jean Renoir, in French with English subtitles (1937), one of the greatest films of cinematic history – trailer
- Paths of Glory, dir. Stanley Kubrick, U.S. in English (1957), with Kirk Douglas – trailer
- A Very Long Engagement, dir. Jean-Pierre Jeunet, France, in French with English subtitles (2004), a romantic war film and a French film without Gérard Depardieu (though it does star Audrey Tautou) – trailer
- Indicate your choices here
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Friday
October 6
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Outcome of the Great War
READING:
- No additional reading. We’ll think about the textbook reading, the historiography of WWI, and the film.
SHORT WRITING ASSIGNMENT:
- On the French experience of the First World War. This war – the Great War – had a powerful impact upon France. Indeed, much of the history that follows will unfold under the shadow of this war. Drawing upon the textbook, our sources, and/or the evening film, explain this impact.
- Write 300-500 words in clear, organized prose. If you use a quotation, a paraphrase, or ideas you’ve found elsewhere, you need to cite your sources. See the Sample Short Paper for citation details. (On the course resources page)
- Due Friday at 1pm before class meets. Submit electronically and bring a printed copy to class. Submit electronically to Moodle as a docx or pdf. Print a hard copy to bring to class. Print double sided if possible. Staple all pages if there are more than one.
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FALL BREAK
Week 8: The Hopes and Fears of the Interwar Years
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Monday
October 16
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The Aftermath of War
READ BEFORE Class:
- Stovall, ch. 8, “From One War to Another, The Universal Nation in Crisis”
- Read/skim the entire chapter. Be sure to read pp. 281-283 (intro), 288-293 (prosperity & anxiety), 301-315 (imperial France, depression, ), 306-31
study questions:
- What reasons were there for worry in the aftermath of war in France?
- Stovall describes the interwar years as a time of crisis. He also describes these years, in Paris, as “one of the most brilliant periods of its history.” Why?
- How, acc. to Stovall, did France’s leaders define the country as a “white nation, off-limits to people of color”?
- How did the French economy change in the 1920s?
- What new political parties and political formations appeared in the 1920s?
- What were some examples of cultural innovation in the 20s and 30s (in avant garde art, in popular culture)?
- How was the French empire changing in the interwar period?
- How did France weather the Depression?
- What was the Popular Front? And who was Léon Blum?
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Wednesday
October 18
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Gender Crisis in Postwar France
READ BEFORE CLASS:
- Mary Louise Roberts, Civilization Without Sexes (1994), introduction
study questions:
- How have the 1920s commonly been understood?
- What were some signs of cultural despair in this period?
- What view of men and women – of gender – comes through these expressions of postwar despair?
- What does Roberts aim to do in this book?
- How have other historians approached this topic?
- Why was gender so central to the thinking of French observers in the 1920s?
- What different images of women dominated postwar thinking?
- What are the sources that Roberts uses to analyze the “reconstruction” of gender identities in postwar France?
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Thursday Night
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Thursday Night Film
Film:
- Thursday, Oct 19, at 7pm
- Grand Illusion, dir. Jean Renoir, in French with English subtitles (1937)
- location: Kauke 143
CHOICES:
- Grand Illusion. Dir. Jean Renoir, France, 1937, 1h 57m
- Liberty For Us! Dir. René Clair, France, 1931, 1h 44m
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Friday
October 20
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The Popular Front and Its Demise
BEFORE CLASS:
- No additional reading. We’ll use our time to sum up the interwar years, to discuss the film as a primary source, and to discuss our ideas for the research paper.
Research Paper – ON SATURDAY, OCTOBER 21 – OR BEtter, BRING TO CLASS ON FRIDAY:
- ** Statement of Research Interest Due **
- See Research Paper assignment
- Submit via email to gshaya@wooster.edu
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Week 9: The Dark Years: Collaboration and Resistance in the Second World War
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Monday
October 23
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Vichy in Power
READ BEFORE CLASS:
- Stovall, ch. 9, “France in World War II: Defeat and Rebirth of the Universal Nation”
- Read pp. 323-341 (intro, phony war, national revolution, Vichy and the Jews)
- Recommended (but not required)
- Robert Paxton, “The National Revolution,” in Vichy France: Old Guard, New Order, 136-185
- Paul Claudel, “Words to the Marshal,” in J.S. McClelland, ed., The French Right.
- Constitutional Law and Initial Vichy Acts, in Cogan, ed., Charles de Gaulle, A Brief Biography
Study Questions
- Why did France go to war? And why did it fail so completely in the summer of 1940?
- What followed military defeat? What was Vichy? What were the other responses to defeat?
- What were the policies of Vichy? What was the “national revolution”? And where did this all come from?
- How did Jews in France experience this moment?
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Wednesday
October 25
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Resistance
READ BEFORE CLASS:
- Stovall, ch. 9, “France in World War II: Defeat and Rebirth of the Universal Nation”
- Read pp. 341-360 (Vichy colonies, life, the resistance, liberation)
- Degaulle speech at the liberation of Paris – text here – and for fun, in French, the video here
Study Questions
- How did the war – and Vichy – play out in the colonies?
- What were the forces or the Resistance? What held them together? What divided them?
- What did liberation look like? How did it prepare the way for the future?
- How did Degaulle describe the liberation of Paris?
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Friday
October 27
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The Dark Years
Before Class:
- Read the wikipedia entry on “The Sorrow and the Pity” for some basic background.
- Watch the end of the film, from The Sorrow and the Pity, Part 2, chapter 12 to the end – available streaming on our Moodle page here
- Optional reading, for those who want to know more:
- Stanley Hoffmann, “On ‘The Sorrow and the Pity‘” Commentary (1972). As you can see, it begins as a film review but turns into something more.
- No additional reading. We’ll discuss the experience of the resistance and the liberation, together with the film and your research papers.
Research Paper – ON SATURDAY, OCTOBER 28:
- ** Full Research Paper Proposal Due **
- Submit via email to gshaya@wooster.edu
- See the Research Paper assignment for full details
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Week 10: Constructing Modern France – France in the Forties and Fifties
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Monday
October 30
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Frenchmen Into Europeans
READING:
- Stovall, ch. 10, “The Fourth Republic: New Challenges for the Transnational Nation” selections
- Rd. intro, from liberation to the fourth republic, cold war and coca-colonization, building a new France, pp. 363-383.
IN CLASS:
- Clip on Robert Schumann and European integration
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Wednesday
November 1
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The Algerian War
READING:
- Stovall, ch. 10, “The Fourth Republic: New Challenges for the Transnational Nation” selections (on Indochina and Algeria)
- Rd. the Revolt Against Empire, Algerian War and the End of the Fourth Republic, pp. 383-397
IN CLASS:
- Clip on Dien Bien Phu
- Clip on Suez Crisis
- Clip from “Battle of Algiers”
Thursday Night Film:
- Thursday night film, 7pm, Kauke 143
- Umbrellas of Cherbourg. Dir. Jacques Demy, music by Michel Legrand, 1964. 1h 31min. A charming musical melodrama, starring Catherine Deneuve. If you liked La La Land… one of the best known songs from the film
- Mon Oncle (My Uncle). Dir. Jacques Tatii, 1958, 1h 57min. Comedic tale of Mr. Hulot, who cannot adjust to modern France… clip from the film
- Vote here.
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Friday
November 3
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French Modern
READ:
- Kristin Ross, “Starting Afresh: Hygiene and Modernization in Postwar France,” October 67 (1994)
- Don’t read word for word! This is a 45 minute assignment in “gutting” an article. You should be able to answer the following questions:
- What is the question that she sets out to answer
- What is her answer – her historical argument?
IN CLASS:
- Discuss film
- Discuss Kristin Ross
- Clip from Battle of Algiers
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Week 11: France in the Sixties
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Monday
November 6
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France in the Sixties – Degaulle in Power
READ:
- Stovall, ch. 11, “The Fifth Republic: A New Era for France” (selections)
- Rd. intro, building the fifth republic, francophone world, la gloire, pp. 401-413
STUDY QUESTIONS:
- How did decolonization change France’s role in the world?
- What shall we make of the rule of De Gaulle?
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Wednesday
November 8
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France in the Sixties – May ’68
READ:
- Stovall, ch. 11, “The Fifth Republic: A New Era for France” (selections)
- Rd. prosperity & consumer society, revolution, pp. 413-429
- A brief account of 1968 in France from Mark Kurlansky
- Mark Kurlansky, “Monsieur You Are Rotten”
- Feel free to skim, but read the passages on Daniel Cohn-Bendit, pp. 218ff
STUDY QUESTIONS:
- What were the forces that unfolded in the summer of 1968 in Paris?
- What was the outcome of this political and social crisis?
- Who was Danny the Red? And what did he represent?
IN CLASS:
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Friday
November 10
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Research Papers
READ:
- Read individually on your research papers!
- Bring sources – excerpts of primary sources or secondary sources – to class with your notes. Be prepared to talk about these
Research Paper – ON SATURDAY, November 11:
- First pages due. 3-4 pp. Might include: historical context, narrative, presentation of primary source
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Week 12: After 1968 & Exam #2
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Monday
November 13
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The Aftermath of 1968
READ:
- Stovall, ch. 11, “The Fifth Republic: A New Era for France” (selections)
- Rd. end of postwar prosperity, socialist, pp. 429-437
- Additional reading from Simone de Beauvoir (selections)
- or Michel Foucault (selections)
STUDY QUESTIONS:
- What were the legacies of 1968?
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Wednesday
November 15
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Taking Stock of Where We’ve Been
READ Before Class:
- No required reading. Read through the Exam #2 Study Guide to prepare for Friday’s exam
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Friday
November 17
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EXAM #2
- Exam in class – usual time and place
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Week 13: Workshop Research Papers
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Monday
November 20
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Paper Workshop
PREPARATION
- No reading.
- Bring two copies of your Project Notes (see Course Resources for model)
- Bring two copies of your draft (whatever you’ve written)
- We will spend class period workshopping our research papers
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Thanksgiving Break
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